देवनागरी

79 characters · 158 cards · FSRS-6 · progress lives in this browser

What you know

79characters158cards0studied0due now—mean recall

Vowels0/24Vowel Signs0/6Consonants0/66Loan Consonants0/14Conjuncts0/8Matras0/20Digits0/20

VowelsVowel SignsConsonantsLoan ConsonantsConjunctsMatrasDigits

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Character reference

Vowels

अaa — short schwa, as in 'sofa'अनार — anār (pomegranate)

आāā — long a, as in 'father'आम — ām (mango)

इii — short i, as in 'it'इमली — imlī (tamarind)

ईīī — long ee, as in 'see'ईख — īkh (sugarcane)

उuu — short u, as in 'put'उल्लू — ullū (owl)

ऊūū — long oo, as in 'cool'ऊन — ūn (wool)

ऋṛṛ — vocalic r, as in 'rip' with a rollऋषि — ṛṣi (sage)

ॠṝṝ — long vocalic r; Sanskrit, rare in Hindi

एee — as in 'they'एक — ek (one)

ऐaiai — as in 'bait'ऐनक — ainak (spectacles)

ओoo — as in 'go'ओखली — okhlī (mortar)

औauau — as in 'caught'औरत — aurat (woman)

Vowel Signs

◌ं◌ṃṃ — nasal m or n before a consonantगंगा — gaṅgā (Ganges)

◌ः◌ḥḥ — breathy h echo at word endदुःख — duḥkh (sorrow)

◌ँ◌m̐m̐ — nasalizes the vowelआँख — ā̃kh (eye)

Consonants

कkak as in 'kite'कमल — kamal (lotus)

खkhakh — aspirated k, as in 'blockhead'खरगोश — khargosh (rabbit)

गgag as in 'go'गाय — gāy (cow)

घghagh — aspirated g, as in 'loghouse'घर — ghar (house)

ङṅaṅ — n sound before k or kh; never starts a word

चchach as in 'church'चाय — chāy (tea)

छchhachh — strongly aspirated chछत — chhat (roof)

जjaj as in 'jam'जल — jal (water)

झjhajh — aspirated j, as in 'hedgehog'झंडा — jhaṇḍā (flag)

ञñañ — n sound before ch or j; rare

टṭaṭ — retroflex t, tongue tip curled upटमाटर — ṭamaṭar (tomato)

ठṭhaṭh — aspirated retroflex tठंडा — ṭhaṇḍā (cold)

डḍaḍ — retroflex dडब्बा — ḍabbā (box)

ढḍhaḍh — aspirated retroflex dढोल — ḍhol (drum)

णṇaṇ — retroflex n, heard between vowelsबाण — bāṇ (arrow)

तtat — dental t, tongue touches the teethतरबूज — tarbūj (watermelon)

थthath — aspirated dental tथाली — thālī (plate)

दdad — dental dदवा — dawā (medicine)

धdhadh — aspirated dental dधागा — dhāgā (thread)

नnan as in 'noon'नदी — nadī (river)

पpap as in 'pie'पानी — pānī (water)

फphaph — aspirated p, as in 'uphill'फल — phal (fruit)

बbab as in 'bin'बकरी — bakrī (goat)

भbhabh — aspirated b, as in 'clubhouse'भालू — bhālū (bear)

मmam as in 'mother'मछली — machlī (fish)

यyay as in 'yes'यात्रा — yātrā (journey)

रrar as in 'run'रोटी — roṭī (bread)

लlal as in 'like'लाल — lāl (red)

वvava — between 'v' and 'w'वन — van (forest)

शśaś — soft sh, as in 'ship'शेर — śer (tiger)

षṣaṣ — hard retroflex shदुष्ट — duṣṭ (wicked)

सsas as in 'sun'सूरज — sūraj (sun)

हhah as in 'him'हाथी — hāthī (elephant)

Loan Consonants

क़qaq — deep k from the throat, as in Qur'anक़िस्सा — qissā (story)

ख़ḵẖaḵẖ — raspy kh, as in 'Bach'ख़रीद — ḵẖarīd (purchase)

ग़ġaġ — gargled gग़लत — ġalat (wrong)

ज़zaz as in 'zoo'ज़िंदा — zindā (alive)

ड़ṛaṛ — flapped r between d and rपेड़ — peṛ (tree)

ढ़ṛhaṛh — aspirated flapped rबाढ़ — bāṛh (flood)

फ़faf as in 'fan'फ़ोन — fon (phone)

Conjuncts

क्षkṣakṣ — k and sh run togetherक्षमा — kṣamā (forgiveness)

त्रtratra — t and rमित्र — mitra (friend)

ज्ञjñajñ — j plus ñ; often said 'gy'ज्ञान — jñān (knowledge)

श्रśraśr — sh and rश्री — śrī (honorific)

Matras

◌ा◌āā after a letter: क + ◌ा = काका — kā

◌ि◌ii — drawn before the letter, said after it: किकि — ki

◌ी◌īī after a letter: कीकी — kī

◌ु◌uu under a letter: कुकु — ku

◌ू◌ūū under a letter: कूकू — kū

◌ृ◌ṛṛ under a letter: कृकृ — kṛ

◌े◌ee above a letter: केके — ke

◌ै◌aiai above a letter: कैकै — kai

◌ो◌oo above a letter: कोको — ko

◌ौ◌auau above a letter: कौकौ — kau

Digits

०0śūnya — zero

१1ek — one

२2do — two

३3tīn — three

४4chār — four

५5pāṃc — five

६6chhe — six

७7sāt — seven

८8āṭh — eight

९9nau — nine